[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.golija.cz\/z-vedy-a-techniky-ponorky\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.golija.cz\/z-vedy-a-techniky-ponorky\/","headline":"Z v\u011bdy a techniky – ponorky","name":"Z v\u011bdy a techniky – ponorky","description":"Ponorky slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0pr\u016fzkumu sv\u011bta pod vodou. Krom\u011b toho je tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch pro v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely \u010di z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 akce. […]","datePublished":"2025-02-27","dateModified":"2023-05-01","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.golija.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.golija.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8ee00db67df6a380981db2e33f97d2fa79637c4880a83f2a0ac4c29b5bb179e1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/8ee00db67df6a380981db2e33f97d2fa79637c4880a83f2a0ac4c29b5bb179e1?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"golija.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.golija.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a301289_w2294_t1511355213.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.golija.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a301289_w2294_t1511355213.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.golija.cz\/z-vedy-a-techniky-ponorky\/","wordCount":471,"articleBody":"Ponorky slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0pr\u016fzkumu sv\u011bta pod vodou. Krom\u011b toho je tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch pro v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely \u010di z\u00e1chrann\u00e9 akce. V\u00a0dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b jsou vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny i ponorky turistick\u00e9.Lid\u00e9 oded\u00e1vna tou\u017eili plavit se pod hladinou mo\u0159\u00ed, ov\u0161em historicky dolo\u017een\u00e9 ponorky existuj\u00ed pouze necel\u00fdch 400 let. Dne\u0161n\u00ed ponorky vypadaj\u00ed podstatn\u011b jinak ne\u017e prvn\u00ed typy, je\u017e byly v\u011bt\u0161inou vyrobeny ze d\u0159eva, a k\u00a0pohonu pou\u017e\u00edvali energii lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed se v\u00a0nich plavili.Ponor a vyno\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edPonorka je podhladinov\u00e9 plavidlo. Pot\u00e1p\u00ed se d\u00edky speci\u00e1ln\u00edm n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edm (z\u00e1t\u011b\u017eov\u00fdm komor\u00e1m), kter\u00e9 se p\u0159i kles\u00e1n\u00ed pod hladinu napl\u0148uj\u00ed vodou. Kdy\u017e se ponorka pot\u0159ebuje vyno\u0159it, do n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed se za\u010dne hn\u00e1t stla\u010den\u00fd vzduch. Vzduch vodu vytla\u010d\u00ed, a t\u00edm sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed v\u00e1hu ponorky.Nejhlub\u0161\u00ed ponor: Dne 23. ledna 1960 se batyskaf Trieste II, hloubkov\u00e9 plavidlo s\u00a0lidskou pos\u00e1dkou, pono\u0159il do hloubky t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 11 kilometr\u016f, aby prozkoumal nejni\u017e\u0161\u00ed bod na povrchu Zem\u011b \u2013 Mari\u00e1nsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edkop v\u00a0Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu. Kles\u00e1n\u00ed trvalo ponorce t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 5 hodin.PohonModern\u00ed ponorky jsou poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 lodn\u00edm \u0161roubem, podobn\u011b jako v\u011bt\u0161ina lod\u00ed. Tyto lodn\u00ed \u0161rouby jsou rozt\u00e1\u010deny motory. N\u011bkter\u00e9 ponorky maj\u00ed naftov\u00e9 motory, jin\u00e9 poh\u00e1n\u00ed atomov\u00e1 energie a dal\u0161\u00ed maj\u00ed pouze elektrick\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory.Vybaven\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 ponorkyPos\u00e1dka ponorky pono\u0159en\u00e9 t\u011bsn\u011b pod vodou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ke sledov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bn\u00ed nad hladinou tzv. periskop. Vojensk\u00e9 ponorky jsou vybaveny torp\u00e9dy (podvodn\u00edmi st\u0159elami), kter\u00e1 slou\u017e\u00ed k\u00a0potopen\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch plavidel.N\u011bmecko hojn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvalo ponorky b\u011bhem obou sv\u011btov\u00fdch v\u00e1lek. N\u011bmeck\u00e9 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 ponorce Angli\u010dan\u00e9 a Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 \u0159\u00edkali U-boat. N\u011bmci ponorky pou\u017e\u00edvali k\u00a0ost\u0159elov\u00e1n\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho lo\u010fstva torp\u00e9dy. T\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem byl 7. kv\u011btna 1915 potopen civiln\u00ed parn\u00edk Lusitania, co\u017e byl jeden z\u00a0d\u016fvod\u016f vstupu USA do I. sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.AlvinN\u011bkter\u00e9 ponorky slou\u017e\u00ed pouze k\u00a0v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm. T\u0159\u00edm\u00edstn\u00e1 miniponorka Alvin v\u00a0roce 1986 prozkoumala vrak zaoce\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho parn\u00edku Titanic, kter\u00fd ztroskotal v\u00a0Atlantsk\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu v\u00a0roce 1912. Prohl\u00eddka vnit\u0159ku vraku byla provedena pomoc\u00ed d\u00e1lkov\u011b ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho robota nazvan\u00e9ho Jason junior.Hlubinn\u00e9 skafandryPot\u00e1p\u011b\u010di n\u011bkdy pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed speci\u00e1ln\u00ed hlubinn\u00e9 skafandry, jak\u00e9si jednom\u00edstn\u00e9 ponorky pro pr\u016fzkum v\u00a0hlubok\u00e9 vod\u011b. Tyto p\u0159\u00edstroje maj\u00ed ruk\u00e1vy s\u00a0klepety, kter\u00e9 pot\u00e1p\u011b\u010d zevnit\u0159 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1, co\u017e mu v\u00a0hloubce pod mo\u0159skou hladinou umo\u017e\u0148uje zvedat p\u0159edm\u011bty a prov\u00e1d\u011bt dal\u0161\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 \u00fakony.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        5\/5 - (2 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Z v\u011bdy a techniky – ponorky","item":"https:\/\/www.golija.cz\/z-vedy-a-techniky-ponorky\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]